Stanford Database Library of American Journal of Philological Sciences
The American Journal of Philological Sciences (AJPS) is an open-access international peer-reviewed monthly journal. This journal aims to serve as a distinguished platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners across the globe who are dedicated to the exploration and advancement of philological sciences. AJPS seeks to foster the exchange of knowledge and ideas, promote interdisciplinary collaboration, and contribute to the intellectual enrichment of the field.
Helping Military Trainees To Develop English Proficiency Through Technology-Enhanced Online Learning
The increasing involvement of military personnel in multinational operations has intensified the demand for effective English language proficiency in professional and operational contexts. This study investigates the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing English language learning among military trainees through online and technology-enhanced instruction. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines quantitative performance data with qualitative evidence from surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. The results indicate that ICT-supported and AI-assisted learning environments significantly improve communicative competence, learner motivation, autonomy, and the acquisition of military-specific vocabulary, particularly in listening and speaking skills. Interactive digital platforms, mobile learning applications, and adaptive AI tools promote sustained engagement by providing personalized feedback and flexible access to learning materials. In addition, immersive technologies such as augmented and virtual reality effectively simulate authentic military communication scenarios. Overall, the findings confirm that the strategic integration of ICT and AI enhances the effectiveness of English language training in military education and supports international cooperation and operational readiness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ubaydullayeva Aziza Azimovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linguoculturological Conceptualization Of Language, Text, And Meaning In English And Uzbek Discourses
Linguoculturology has emerged as one of the most influential interdisciplinary paradigms in contemporary linguistics, integrating cultural studies, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, and discourse analysis in order to explain how language encodes, preserves, and transmits culturally significant meanings. This article explores the theoretical, methodological, and applied dimensions of linguoculturology through a systematic and in depth engagement with the foundational and applied works of Sabitova, Telia, Nurmonov, Mahmudov, Maslova, Slyshkin, Pimenova, Salieva, Artemova, Mohiraxon, and Tursunboeva. Drawing on both Russian and Central Asian traditions of linguistic thought, the study investigates how linguistic units such as words, phraseological expressions, texts, and discourse function as carriers of national and cultural conceptualizations. Particular emphasis is placed on the notion of concept as the central analytical category of linguoculturology, and on the role of precedent texts, symbolic language, and culturally marked expressions in shaping collective consciousness. Using a qualitative, text based comparative approach, the article examines how English and Uzbek linguistic systems encode cultural values through conceptual structures, phraseology, metaphor, and stylistic devices. The methodology integrates theoretical synthesis, interpretive analysis of linguistic data, and comparative discourse evaluation. The findings demonstrate that linguistic meaning cannot be adequately explained without reference to culturally embedded conceptual frameworks, and that both English and Uzbek exhibit rich systems of cultural coding that reflect their historical experiences, social norms, and worldview structures. The discussion situates these findings within broader debates in humanities and social sciences, highlighting implications for translation, education, intercultural communication, and professional language training. The article concludes that linguoculturology offers a powerful framework for understanding language as a cultural phenomenon and provides a necessary bridge between linguistic form and human experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rafael Monteiro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving the Speech Culture of The Medical Worker
This scientific article examines the critical, yet often underemphasized, role of speech culture in the practice of modern medicine. It argues that a medical worker's communicative competence is not merely a supplementary "soft skill" but a core clinical competency that directly impacts patient safety, treatment adherence, and overall health outcomes. The article analyzes the multifaceted nature of medical speech culture, including ethical dimensions, accessibility, empathy, and precision. It explores the profound consequences of communicative failures, such as misdiagnosis and decreased patient satisfaction, while outlining a comprehensive framework for improvement. This framework integrates specialized training in communication, the strategic use of narrative medicine, and the development of reflective practice skills. The article concludes that the systematic cultivation of a physician’s speech culture is an indispensable component of high-quality, patient-centered healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berdieva Mukarrama Anvarovna, Ruzmetova Nargiza Akhmedovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Intonation Of The Uzbek Language In The Context Of Digital Technologies: Analysis, Modelling, And Applications
The intonational system of the Uzbek language, a major Turkic language spoken by about 35 million people, is thoroughly examined in this essay as it relates to the revolutionary field of digital technology. While Uzbek intonation's phonological functions and syntactic correlations have been established by traditional linguistic scholarship, the digital paradigm presents new approaches, difficulties, and wide-ranging applications for its analysis, computational modelling, and deployment. In order to clarify how cutting-edge methods—such as large-scale annotated corpora, machine learning (ML), deep neural networks (DNNs), text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, automatic speech recognition (ASR), and large language models (LLMs)—are radically changing the understanding and application of Uzbek prosody, this study integrates insights from phonetics, corpus linguistics, computational linguistics, and speech technology. We contend that a synergistic, multidisciplinary strategy that closely combines in-depth empirical phonetic analysis with advanced computer modelling is necessary for the creation of linguistically accurate, natural-sounding, and socially inclusive digital applications for Uzbek. The paper also looks at important applications in human-computer interface (HCI), assistive technologies, dialectal preservation, and computer-assisted language learning (CALL). The special difficulties presented by Uzbek's agglutinative morphology, comparatively free word order, and notable dialectal differences in intonation patterns—all of which need for specialized solutions different from those for Indo-European languages—are highlighted. We wrap up by providing a research roadmap, highlighting the necessity of extensive, publicly accessible digital resources to maintain the language's vitality and technical sovereignty in the twenty-first century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cholliyeva Gulchehra Toshpolot qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internal Motives in Human Activity: The Role of Love, Loyalty, And Moral Values
This article analyzes the internal motivational foundations of personality activity from a scientific perspective. In particular, the concept of internal motivation and the role of moral and ethical values such as love, loyalty, and responsibility in shaping personality behavior and development are examined. The article highlights the importance of internal motives in ensuring the stability of personality activity and their role in the processes of education and upbringing. The research findings demonstrate that internal motivation plays a significant role in the moral development and social activity of the individual.
Copyright (c) 2026 G. J. Jumanova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interjections And Emphatic Particles As Markers Of Mirativity In Uzbek And English Languages
This study investigates the function of interjections and emphatic particles in conveying mirativity and subtle emotional expressions in speech. Interjections act as direct indicators of surprise, amazement, or related affective conditions, whereas emphatic particles strengthen the speaker's attitude and underscore the unforeseen nature of occurrences. Through an analysis of illustrative cases from Uzbek and English, the research underscores both shared features and distinctions across languages in the representation of mirativity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aliyeva Zebo Akram qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linguopragmatic Analysis Of Official And Unofficial Discourses In The Context Of Urban Development
This research paper examines the distinctive features of official and unofficial discourses within the field of urban development. It is established that lexical units in official discourse predominantly possess positive or neutral connotations (construction, design, modern, infrastructure). Such vocabulary positions urban development as a symbol of progress and qualitative transformation. Conversely, unofficial discourse is dominated by critical, emotionally charged, and negatively evaluative lexemes (demolition, congestion, dust, obstruction, concreting). This indicates the presence of a certain level of public dissatisfaction and concern regarding urban construction processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kholisov Azizbek Shokirjon ogli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Use of Special Symbols in Simultaneous Interpreting: Cognitive, Functional, And Strategic Dimensions
Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most cognitively demanding linguistic activities, requiring the interpreter to listen, process, translate, and produce speech almost simultaneously. While much research has focused on memory load, anticipation strategies, and linguistic competence, relatively less attention has been devoted to the use of special symbols and notation systems during interpreting tasks. Although note-taking is more traditionally associated with consecutive interpreting, professional simultaneous interpreters also rely on symbolic shorthand systems in booth settings for numbers, lists, technical terminology, and discourse markers. This study investigates the role, structure, and cognitive function of special symbols in simultaneous interpreting. Using a mixed-method design that combines observation, interpreter interviews, and experimental performance analysis, the research examines how symbolic systems support working memory, reduce cognitive overload, and enhance accuracy. Results indicate that individualized symbolic repertoires significantly improve information retention, especially in dense informational segments such as statistics and enumerations. Furthermore, interpreters who systematically develop personal symbol systems demonstrate greater fluency and fewer omissions. The findings highlight the strategic value of symbolic compression in real-time translation and suggest implications for interpreter training programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raufov Miraziz Mustafakulovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This article provides a comprehensive account of the lexical and terminological essence of ʿilm al-bayān (the science of bayān). The study analyzes the Arabic origin of the term bayān, its meanings associated with clarity and explicitness, and examines it through the views of early Arab scholars—Jahiz, Rumoniy, and Abdulqohir Jurjoniy. The article also discusses the place of bayān within the science of rhetoric (balāgha) and explains in detail the types of dalāla (modes of signification) used to express meanings: verbal expression (lafz), gesture (ishora), contract (aqd), writing (xat), and situational context (holat). In addition, the paper outlines—on a scholarly basis—the set of knowledge and skills that a practitioner of bayān must possess, as indicated by Ibn al-Asir. The research reveals the important role of ʿilm al-bayān in ensuring clarity of speech, artistic expression, and rhetorical eloquence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahmudov Akram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Analysis of The Phonetic Adaptation of English Loanwords in Korean And Karakalpak
The article conducts a comparative analysis of the phonetic and phonological adaptation of English loanwords in Korean and Karakalpak. The study seeks to identify the main mechanisms of phonological integration—such as phonemic substitution, epenthesis, elision, stress redistribution, and phonotactic adaptation—and to explain how these mechanisms operate within the phonological systems of the recipient languages. Through comparative typological analysis, the article also highlights the similarities and differences in the adaptation strategies of Korean and Karakalpak and contributes to a broader understanding of phonological processes in situations of language contact.
Copyright (c) 2026 Baxbergenova Akerke Shoxan kizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Transformation Of Changes In Uzbekistan’s Education System
This article provides a scholarly and theoretical analysis of the education system and labour market architecture issues put forward in the Addresses of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, to the Oliy Majlis and the people. The interdependence between modernising the education system, developing human capital, and training competitive personnel aligned with labour market demands is revealed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nargiza Shoaliyeva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Degree Of Investigation Of The Concept "Time" In English And Karakalpak Languages
The concept of time occupies a central place in human cognition and linguistic representation, as it reflects not only chronological measurement but also cultural values, social organization, and collective experience. This article investigates the degree of scholarly exploration of the concept of time in English and Karakalpak linguistics from a linguocognitive and linguocultural perspective. Relying on conceptual metaphor theory, comparative analysis, and cognitive linguistic methodology, the study examines grammatical, lexical, metaphorical, and paremiological realizations of time in both languages. The findings reveal that English predominantly conceptualizes time as a linear, measurable, and economically valuable resource, whereas Karakalpak represents time as a cyclical, natural, and morally significant process. Thus, the research confirms that the concept of time functions as a key element of national linguistic worldview shaped by historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ajibekova Gulsara Jengisbaevna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Corpus Linguistics And A Mixed Monolingual–Parallel Methodology For Investigating Uzbek – English Action Verbs Synonyms
Corpus linguistics is a branch of linguistics concerned with compiling naturally occurring language data in electronic form and analyzing it systematically. A corpus is understood as a collection of authentic texts that is sufficiently representative to support reliable generalizations about a linguistic unit or variety. The methodological value of corpora lies in their scale and authenticity, which provide extensive empirical evidence that can validate claims that might otherwise rely on subjective intuition. This empirical orientation is especially important for synonym research because near-synonyms often differ in collocation, phraseological behavior, stylistic distribution, pragmatic constraints, and evaluative meaning, distinctions that are not always visible in dictionary definitions. This paper presents a corpus-based research design for analyzing Uzbek and English action-verb synonym sets through a combined methodology: monolingual corpora are used for intralingual semantic profiling, while a custom parallel corpus is compiled for translation-equivalent analysis. The study operationalizes lexical–semantic distinctions via collocation measures (Mutual Information and t-score), multiword pattern extraction aligned with the idiom principle, semantic prosody analysis using a two-stage procedure, and reliability control through Cohen’s kappa. In addition, validity safeguards based on corpus representativeness, normalization, and dispersion are integrated into the analysis. The translation component follows corpus-based translation studies and descriptive translation studies frameworks to quantify translation equivalents, identify asymmetries, and interpret translation strategy tendencies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gulhida Hasanova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social and Philosophical Foundations of Language Culture Formation Among the Youth of New Uzbekistan
This article examines the social and philosophical foundations of language culture formation among the youth of New Uzbekistan. Against the backdrop of rapid political reforms, digitalization and globalization, language culture emerges as a key factor in shaping youth identity, civic engagement and value orientations. The study adopts a qualitative, social philosophical approach, combining conceptual analysis of “language culture” and “youth” with an examination of institutional, cultural and digital contexts in which young people use language. The results indicate that language culture among youth is characterized by hybridity, tension between normative and spontaneous speech, and a gap between official ethical ideals and actual online communication. The article argues that narrow, purely normative approaches to language education are insufficient; instead, language culture must be understood as a value laden phenomenon linked to personality development, moral responsibility and dialogical interaction. It concludes with practical recommendations for education, media and family communication aimed at strengthening language culture among the youth of New Uzbekistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamalova Shakhlo Nugmanovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semantic Roles And Relations Of Constitutive Words In Communication
It is important to remember that meaning plays a big part in human communication. As a result of this, semantics as a discipline has come under scrutiny. There is still no agreement among linguists on a single, practical definition of semantics. Numerous endless attempts to define semantics have resulted from this dispute. As a backdrop or theoretical framework, this study focuses on the semantic functions of words in a particular setting that supports extentionalist viewpoints. According to the notion, language is made up of words that are used in a certain context to improve communication among people who share the same linguistic boundaries. Given the foregoing, the research primarily examines the functions of words in communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shaxruza Behzodova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Writing Skills in English Language Learners Through Modern Pedagogical Models
Writing is considered one of the most complex and essential skills in learning a foreign language. It enables learners to organize their thoughts, express ideas clearly, and communicate effectively in academic and professional contexts. However, many students learning English as a foreign language experience difficulty in producing coherent and well-structured written texts. These challenges often arise due to limited vocabulary, insufficient grammatical knowledge, and lack of effective writing strategies. Therefore, modern language pedagogy emphasizes the use of specific teaching models designed to support the development of writing competence. This article examines several widely used pedagogical approaches to teaching writing, including the Product Approach, Process Approach, Genre-Based Approach, and Process-Genre Approach. The study analyzes their theoretical foundations, instructional procedures, and their effectiveness in developing students’ written communication skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdiolimova Qizlarxon Subhonali qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structural And Semantic Properties Of Somatic Idioms In English And Uzbek
This article examines the structural and semantic properties of somatic idioms in English and Uzbek. Somatic idioms, which include lexical units referring to parts of the human body, represent an important component of phraseological systems in many languages. The study analyzes their grammatical patterns, semantic motivations, figurative meanings, and cross-cultural similarities and differences. The research is based on comparative linguistic analysis of selected idioms from English and Uzbek phraseological dictionaries and scholarly studies. The findings demonstrate both universal cognitive mechanisms and culturally specific features in the formation and use of somatic idioms. The paper contributes to contrastive linguistics, phraseology, and intercultural communication studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sadiqov Zoxid Yaqubjanovich, Babajonova Nodira Yuvbasar qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Historical Ethnography As An Artistic Medium Reflecting Real Historical Reality
The article highlights the importance of ethnographisms as linguistic units that express the peculiarities of the people's lifestyle, history, and culture and play an important role in studying the intersections of society and language. The use of historical ethnographisms in artistic works as linguistic units that reflect the national cultural lifestyle of the Uzbek people in past eras is analyzed using the example of the works of Abdulla Qodiriy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukhitdinova Khadicha Sobirovna, Dildora Akbarova Axtamjon kizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Paremiological Units Representing “Man” And “Woman” In English And Karakalpak Languages
This article presents a comparative linguocultural analysis of paremiological units representing the concepts “man” and “woman” in English and Karakalpak languages. Proverbs, as culturally marked and evaluative linguistic units, function as repositories of collective memory and social norms; therefore, they provide valuable material for reconstructing gender conceptualization within national worldviews. The study is grounded in classical paremiology, cognitive linguistics, and gender theory, integrating the approaches of Mieder, Permyakov, Lakoff, Wierzbicka, and contemporary gender linguists. The findings demonstrate that while universal archetypes such as bravery, honor, care, and loyalty are present in both paremiological systems, their evaluative framing differs significantly. English proverbs tend to foreground individual autonomy and ambivalence in female representation, whereas Karakalpak proverbs emphasize communal responsibility, heroic endurance, and reverence for motherhood. Consequently, paremiological discourse reflects and perpetuates culturally specific gender models, revealing deep interconnections between language, culture, and social ideology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amangeldiyeva Venera Mars qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Theme Of The Motherland In The Works Of Shavkat Rahmon
This article examines the poetic and philosophical essence, ideological and artistic characteristics, and the role of the theme of the Motherland in shaping national consciousness in the works of one of the prominent representatives of modern Uzbek poetry, Shavkat Rahmon. The study demonstrates that in the poet’s creative output, the concept of the Motherland transcends geographical or political boundaries and emerges as a complex conceptual phenomenon closely interconnected with historical memory, national responsibility, freedom, and conscience. Furthermore, the symbolic representation of the Motherland, its relation to poetic thinking, and the worldview of the lyrical subject are substantiated through contemporary literary-theoretical approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Qoraxonov Turaxon Yusuf o‘g‘li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Grammatical Adaptation of Social Media Terminology in Uzbek Language
Contemporary language use and vocabulary development have been influenced significaantly by the social media platforms in recent decades. The English-based digital terminology spreads quickly across online environments and is widely adopted by speakers of other languages. This study investigates the grammatical adaptation of social media terminology in the Uzbek language using examples from Instagram discourse. The research focuses on how borrowed lexical items such as post, story, reel, like, and follow become integrated into Uzbek grammatical structures. The analysis is based on qualitative linguistic examination of Instagram captions, comments, and user interactions produced by Uzbek-speaking users. The findings demonstrate that borrowed social media terms actively participate in the morphological and syntactic system of the Uzbek language. These lexical items frequently accept grammatical markers such as case suffixes, plural endings, and possessive forms, while also appearing in hybrid verbal constructions such as post qilmoq and layk bosmoq. The results further show that adapted social media terminology functions within Uzbek sentence structure as subjects, objects, and modifiers. Overall, the study highlights the role of digital communication in shaping contemporary linguistic change and demonstrates how global digital vocabulary interacts with the grammatical system of the Uzbek language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Normurodova Sitora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Linguistic And Pragmatic Analysis Of Birthday Greetings In Uzbek Women’s Speech
This study provides a comprehensive linguistic and pragmatic analysis of birthday congratulatory discourse in Uzbek women’s speech within the framework of gender linguistics, discourse theory, and sociopragmatic inquiry. Utilizing qualitative discourse analysis and supplementary survey data, the research examines the structural and functional features of congratulatory texts addressed to mothers, husbands, and sons. The analysis foregrounds emotional‑expressive lexis, evaluative vocabulary, metaphorical imagery, and the use of collective and affective forms as key discursive devices. The findings indicate that Uzbek women’s birthday greetings are systematically oriented toward solidarity, emotional support, moral guidance, and the reinforcement of family values. These communicative strategies function not merely as conventional ritual rhetoric but as performative speech acts that construct gendered identities and negotiate culturally embedded social norms. The study contributes to the fields of gender linguistics and pragmatic discourse studies by highlighting how ceremonial language reflects and reproduces socio‑cultural value systems within a national context. Implications for cross‑cultural discourse analysis and gendered communicative behavior are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ernazarova Nargiza Khidirovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chronotope, Intertext, And The Shaping Of Interior Worlds: A Comparative Narratological Study
Literary interiority—encompassing psyche, memory, and identity—is not a static reflection of character but a dynamic construct shaped by narrative form. This study examines how chronotopes (Bakhtin’s time-space condensations) and intertextual relations (Genette’s hypertextual transformations) co-constitute subjective experience across evolving genres, addressing a gap in narratology where these mechanisms are typically analyzed in isolation. A comparative narratological analysis was conducted on a purposive corpus of texts spanning prose, graphic novels, and film adaptations, using a replicable dual-axis coding matrix (chronotope × intertextuality). Narrative segments were systematically annotated for time-space motifs and textual relations, with high inter-coder reliability ensuring robustness. Three dominant framing constellations emerged—Mythic-Cosmic Fusion, Cyclical-Memorial Reconfiguration, and Fragmented-Empathetic Thresholds—collectively accounting for nearly all observed variance in interiority effects. Specific pairings consistently predicted distinct psychological outcomes: transcendence-in-crisis, resilient renewal, and empathic immersion. Chronotope and intertext do not merely frame inner worlds—they engineer them. The resulting model reveals genre evolution as a process of psychic modulation and provides predictive tools with applications in literary analysis, cognitive studies, and therapeutic narrative design.
Copyright (c) 2026 Guljahon Rakhmatullayeva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Use of Abbreviations in Advertising Texts in English And Karakalpak Languages
This study investigates the linguistic and communicative functions of abbreviations in English and Karakalpak advertising discourse, focusing on how these compressed forms contribute to message efficiency, stylistic expression, and cultural positioning. Although abbreviations are widely used across global advertising, their structural patterns and pragmatic roles vary according to linguistic norms and audience expectations. Therefore, the research employs a mixed qualitative methodology integrating structural analysis, discourse interpretation, and comparative linguistics. The results demonstrate that English advertising makes extensive and creative use of acronyms, initialisms, blends, and hybrid forms to construct modern, technologically oriented, and globally recognizable brand identities. In contrast, Karakalpak advertising relies more on functional initialisms and borrowed English abbreviations, reflecting both local communicative preferences and growing global influence. The discussion interprets these findings within broader socio-cultural and economic contexts, revealing that abbreviation usage serves as a marker of globalization, cultural continuity, and linguistic innovation. Ultimately, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how abbreviated forms shape contemporary advertising communication in multilingual environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berdimuratov Bakhtiyar Tugelbay uli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Of The Differences Between Formal And Informal Styles In The Language, Their Linguistic Structures, And Communicative Purposes
This article analyzes, from a scientific perspective, the linguistic and pragmatic differences between formal and informal styles in the Chinese language. Through its formal and informal styles, Chinese demonstrates how language is used in accordance with the communicative context. The article examines differences in word choice, syntax, and verb usage in both styles, as well as grammatical and morphological structures. In Chinese, the formal style is typically used in professional, governmental, and academic settings and serves to express respect and social status. The informal style, on the other hand, is used in close interactions among friends and family members, where the language is simple and sincere. The article highlights the importance of understanding these differences for linguistics and intercultural communication. This study helps learners of Chinese and linguists gain a deeper understanding of the social and pragmatic aspects of the language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agzamova Gulrux Ravshan qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role Of Eponyms In Scientific Terminology And Their Principles Of Development
Eponyms occupy a significant place in scientific terminology as linguistic units derived from the names of scholars, researchers, or historical figures who made substantial contributions to the development of science. They serve not only as nominative tools but also as markers of scientific heritage, continuity, and intellectual recognition. This abstract examines the role of eponyms in the formation and standardization of scientific terminology, highlighting their cognitive, cultural, and communicative functions. Particular attention is given to the principles governing their development, including motivation, internationalization, stability, and adaptation to modern terminological systems. The study emphasizes that while eponyms enrich scientific language, their use requires systematic regulation to ensure clarity, consistency, and intercultural comprehensibility in contemporary scientific discourse.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umarova Charos Panjiyevna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Theoretical Problems in The Formation of a Linguistically-Centered Methodology for Language Teaching
This article analyzes the theoretical problems in the process of forming a linguistically-centered methodology for language teaching. The research examines the fundamental concepts of the methodology, the pedagogical significance of linguistic approaches, and the difficulties in their practical implementation. It also discusses the effectiveness of a centralized linguistic approach in the language learning process, the role of educational resources and didactic tools, and the relationship between theoretical foundations and practical experience. The research findings open up possibilities for developing innovative approaches in language teaching and integrating them into the pedagogical process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilkhomova Nafosat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Character Evolution In Psychological Analysis
This article places special emphasis on the mastery of character creation in the works of Joyce and Isajon Sulton. As a result, it is demonstrated that the truth of life is transformed into artistic truth. The article also discusses each writer individually and identifies the mode through which the human psyche is explored.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raxmatullayev Ziyodullo Xabibullayevich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Suffixes –IE, -ETTE, -LING, -LET, -Y, -SY and Others
This article discusses diminutive suffixes, their uses, meanings and peculiarities. Diminutives in English can be formed in two ways: analytic and synthetic. In this research paper both of formations are analyzed. Diminutives are not only used to diminish objects, but also they can be used as a tool of emotion, attitude, evaluation and warmth toward people or objects. The use of diminutives in personal names and negative contexts, such as pejorative and derogatory meanings are worthy of attention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarsenbaeva Qumar Mambetkerimovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Formation And Theoretical Interpretation Of The Category Of The Tragic In Ancient Aesthetics
This article examines the formation and interpretation of the category of the tragic in ancient Greek aesthetic thought. Greek tragedy is recognized as the earliest artistic expression of the tragic. The views of Plato and Aristotle are analyzed and comparatively examined with regard to their approaches to tragedy. Plato considers tragedy primarily as a socio-ethical issue concerning the education of citizens and the state, and therefore rejects literary works that arouse excessive pity and fear. Aristotle, by contrast, defines tragedy as a genre that represents a serious and complete action through human speech and action, emphasizing catharsis as a purifying emotional process and an important pedagogical factor. In classical tragedies such as Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound, and Euripides’ Medea, the tragic manifests itself through themes of fate, error, guilt, and inevitable catastrophe. Modern scholars (G. N. Pospelov, A. F. Losev, and others) have further analyzed the role of tragedy within aesthetic and axiological frameworks. The findings demonstrate that in ancient aesthetic thought, the tragic emerged as a fundamental category expressing ontological contradictions between human beings and fate, articulated through various literary forms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdusalomova Durdonakhon Valilullo qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Occasionalisms In The Poetry Of Eshqobil Shukur
This article examines the work of Eshqobil Shukur, in particular, the features of the artistic language in his poetic works, the occasional units found in the poet's poetry, their semantic peculiarities in the language, artistic functions and stylistic significance, identifies the poetic nature of occasional units in the poet's poetry and their semantic, stylistic and aesthetic functions, and examines the poet's individual linguistic creativity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibragimov Khairulla Hamdamovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Use Of Nostalgic Lexical Items In Fiction
This article examines the use of nostalgic lexical units in fiction and analyzes their functional-semantic, axiological, and psycholinguistic characteristics. Nostalgic units are linguistic means that evoke warm and joyful memories of the past in human consciousness, thereby enhancing the emotional impact of a literary text. Using Utkir Hoshimov’s Dunyoning ishlari as the primary material, the study explores the functions of nostalgic lexical units in the text and their artistic-aesthetic load. The article also considers issues arising in translation, including cultural differences, and offers an analysis based on a linguocultural approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xayitova Rushana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Translation Transformations in Advertising: A Comparative Analysis of English And Uzbek Advertising Texts
The translation of advertising texts is a multifaceted process that transcends simple linguistic substitution, requiring a deep integration of semiotics, cultural studies, and marketing psychology. This article explores the specific translation transformations employed when rendering English advertising content into the Uzbek language. Given the structural divergence between English (an analytic language) and Uzbek (an agglutinative language), as well as the profound cultural differences between Western and Central Asian consumer markets, literal translation often fails to preserve the persuasive impact of the original message. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis of various global and local brand campaigns, this study identifies and categorizes the most effective transformation strategies, including transposition, modulation, adaptation, and transcreation. The findings suggest that successful advertising translation in the English-Uzbek pair is primarily governed by functional and pragmatic equivalence, where the target text is reconstructed to evoke a specific emotional response in the Uzbek-speaking audience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Egamberdiyev Komiljon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applying The Results Of Contrastive Linguistics In Pedagogical Lexicography: New Semantic Approaches For Bilingual Dictionaries
Pedagogical bilingual dictionaries are expected to do more than provide translation equivalents: they must support comprehension, accurate production, and the gradual formation of lexical and grammatical competence in learners who operate between two linguistic systems. Traditional bilingual lexicography often treats equivalence as a stable word-to-word relation and represents meaning through short glosses, while contrastive linguistics repeatedly demonstrates that cross-language correspondences are frequently partial, context-dependent, and shaped by differences in semantic segmentation, collocational norms, pragmatic conventions, and culture-specific conceptualization. This article argues that the most productive way to modernize bilingual pedagogical dictionaries is to convert contrastive linguistic results into explicit semantic design principles: a contrastive sense inventory, an “equivalence gradient” (full/partial/functional/zero equivalence), frame-informed meaning explanations, corpus-based collocational templates, and learner-oriented usage warnings that directly target typical interference and errors. The results indicate that contrastive-semantic modeling reduces ambiguity in polysemy alignment, improves learners’ productive choices, and increases the dictionary’s diagnostic value as a tool for preventing negative transfer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasulova Istoda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Expression of the “Art De Vivre” Concept in French Tourism Object Names
This article investigates the role of the tourism sector in international cultural dialogue during the era of globalization through the lens of lingvoculturology. The research focuses on the harmony between language and culture within the naming of French tourist sites (onomastics), guide discourse, and branding processes. Drawing on the semiotic perspectives of scholars such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Roland Barthes, the author analyzes the impact of descriptive and anthroponymic names on the emotional state of tourists. The study substantiates the importance of transliteration and explanatory translation methods in presenting French realia (arrondissement, boulangerie, château) on an international scale.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mustofokulov Farkhod https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role And Importance Of Pedagogical Rhetoric In Linguistics
Pedagogical rhetoric represents a significant interdisciplinary field that integrates linguistics, pedagogy, psychology, and communication studies. This article provides an expanded analysis of the role and importance of pedagogical rhetoric within linguistics, emphasizing its theoretical foundations, functional characteristics, and practical relevance in language education. Special attention is paid to the relationship between rhetorical competence and communicative competence, the role of discourse strategies in educational interaction, and the contribution of pedagogical rhetoric to the formation of speech culture. The study demonstrates that pedagogical rhetoric not only enhances teaching effectiveness but also enriches linguistic research by focusing on pragmatic, cognitive, and sociocultural dimensions of language use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdugopporova Odina Hoshimjon qizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cultural Symbols And Their Influence On Anthropomorphism In The Languages
From a cognitive, linguistic, and cultural standpoint, this article investigates how cultural symbols impact anthropomorphism in language. The similarities and differences between anthropomorphic expressions in Uzbek and English are compared and analyzed. Anthropomorphism is understood as a fundamental cognitive process of human thought as well as a stylistic or artistic device. The study emphasizes how language, culture, belief, and historical experience are all interconnected. It also looks at contemporary examples of anthropomorphism in media, technology, politics, and advertising. The results show that anthropomorphism is a universal but culturally particular feature of human thought.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kholmatova Guyokhon Dilshodjon kizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pragmatic Strategies in Mitigating and Intensifying Wish/Desire Expressions
This paper deals with the issues based on analyzing the pragmatic strategies used to mitigate and intensify wish and desire expressions in English and Uzbek discourse. While desire is primarily a semantic category, its realization in discourse depends on contextual, cultural, and interactional factors. The study analyzes modal verbs, hedging devices, intensifiers, and emotive constructions that either soften or strengthen expressions of intention. Drawing from contemporary literary works in both languages, the research demonstrates how mitigation supports politeness and relational harmony, whereas intensification conveys urgency, emotional depth, or dramatic force. The findings reveal cross-cultural similarities and differences in pragmatic patterns shaping interpersonal communication and expressive nuance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feruzjon Sharipov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Philosophical And Psychological Structure Of M. A. Bulgakov’s Novel «The Master And Margarita»
This article explores the philosophical and psychological structure of M. A. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» with a focus on the interaction between metaphysical ideas and the inner world of the characters. The study examines how ethical conflict, existential choice, and psychological tension shape the artistic integrity of the novel. Particular attention is paid to the figures of Pontius Pilate and Margarita, whose inner transformations reveal different models of moral responsibility and personal freedom. The analysis demonstrates that Bulgakov constructs a complex philosophical system in which psychological reality becomes a key mechanism for revealing the author’s vision of good and evil, guilt and redemption. The novel is interpreted as a holistic philosophical narrative where inner experience and ethical decision-making play a decisive role in the formation of meaning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shamshina Sofya Evgenevna, Ekabsons Alexandra Valerievna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Structure and Composition of Muʿjam Al-Udabāʾ
This study offers a statistical analysis of the structure and composition of Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, a philologically rich work in the biographical (tarājim) genre authored by the renowned Arab traveler, geographer, and historian Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. The research examines the organizational framework of the work, including its chapters, the total number of biographies (tarājim), and the number of biographical entries devoted to each individual. These elements are systematically compiled and analytically evaluated.
Copyright (c) 2026 Madiyor Fatilloev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Expressions Of Belief And Tradition In English Wedding Phraseology
This article explores the reflection of beliefs and traditions in English phraseological units related to weddings. It examines how seasonal, monthly, and weekly choices for marriage are culturally significant, as well as the symbolic importance of colors and idiomatic expressions in wedding customs. Phraseological units, including proverbs, idioms, and metaphors, are analyzed for their semantic layers and cultural meanings, revealing insights into English cultural mentality, ethical norms, and value systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibrohimova Zarnigor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mutual Translation Of Abstract Nouns In Russian And Uzbek Literary Texts
This article examines the issues of mutual translation of abstract nouns in Russian and Uzbek literary texts from the perspectives of linguistics and translation studies. The semantic characteristics of abstract concepts, their national and cultural specificity, as well as their functional and stylistic roles in literary discourse are analyzed. The study identifies lexical, semantic, and pragmatic difficulties that arise in the process of translating abstract nouns from Russian into Uzbek and vice versa. Particular attention is paid to the problems of equivalence, adequacy, and contextual dependence in translation. The results of the research contribute to the further development of the theory of literary translation and contrastive linguistics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nizomjonova Luiza Nizomjonova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Future of Uzbekistan Is Great: Youth Opportunities, Digital Transformation, And Strategic Development
This thesis argues that the future of Uzbekistan is poised for transformative greatness, underpinned by strategic national reforms, the demographic potential of its youth, and the rapid development of a knowledge-based digital economy. Through a multidisciplinary analysis of policy frameworks, socio-economic initiatives, and cultural programs, the research demonstrates how the government's "Uzbekistan-2030" strategy, combined with specific youth empowerment and digital transformation agendas, has redefined the nation's developmental trajectory. The research shows how national plans like “Uzbekistan-2030” and “Digital Uzbekistan” are creating real opportunities in education, jobs, and innovation. While challenges remain, the active role of youth, combined with smart government policies, makes Uzbekistan’s future promising and strong.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nodirabegim Khasanova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0