Stanford Database Library of American Journal of Applied Science and Technology

Vol. 5 No. 08 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 08
Articles

The Effect Of Germanium Doping On The Structural And Thermoluminescent Characteristics Of Lithium Borate

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  • Hayder. Khudhair. Obayes
Hayder. Khudhair. Obayes
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Directorate General of Education in Babylon Governorate, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, 51001, Iraq

Published 2025-08-31

Keywords

  • Borate glass,
  • Germanium doped,
  • thermoluminescence

How to Cite

Hayder. Khudhair. Obayes. (2025). The Effect Of Germanium Doping On The Structural And Thermoluminescent Characteristics Of Lithium Borate. Stanford Database Library of American Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 5(08), 72–81. Retrieved from https://oscarpubhouse.com/index.php/sdlajast/article/view/1

Copyright (c) 2025 Hayder. Khudhair. Obayes

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the fundamental dosimetric characteristics of a borate glass dosimeter that has been enhanced with lithium and Germanium (LBGe). XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and DTA measurements are used to fully describe synthesized glasses and find out how the thermal and structural properties change with the concentration of Germanium (Ge) ions. An X-ray diffraction pattern is used to confirm that all the samples have amorphous properties. The FESEM pictures show that the way their surfaces are formed is uniform and allows light to pass through. FTIR studies show that there are three main peaks in the range of 706.08–948.89 and 1052.07 cm⁻¹. These peak frequencies are due to the vibrations associated with stretching of BO3 and BO4 units in a trigonal and tetrahedral shape. When the amount of the modifier increases, the peaks are moved to new locations.  At 500, 600, and 800 degrees Celsius, respectively, the DTA thermogram shows transition peaks for glass transition, crystallization, and melting. We can observe that the prepared samples are stable because the Hurby parameter is less than 0.5. Luminescence curves, photon dosage response, fading, repeatability, and the annealing process are some of the dosimetric feature characteristics examined in this research. These appealing characteristics of the results may hold promise for applications in radiation dosimetry, photonic devices, and optical fibers.

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